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ICT SWEP SUMMARY
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A satellite is any object that revolves around a planet. There are two major types:
- Natural Satellites: Celestial bodies orbiting larger objects (e.g., the Moon orbits Earth).
Artificial Satellites: Man-made satellites launched using rockets. These serve various purposes, such as:
- Navigation Satellites: Determine the ground position of objects (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou).
- Weather Satellites: Monitor weather and climate.
- Communication Satellites: Transmit signals like TV, radio, and internet.
Satellite Communication System:
- Uplink: Sending signals from the ground to the satellite.
- Satellite Transponder: Amplifies and changes signal frequencies.
- Downlink: Receives the satellite's signal on Earth.
Satellites move in different orbits, defined by their shapes and inclinations:
- Equatorial Orbit: Moves directly above the equator.
- Inclined Orbit: Moves at angles between 0° and 180°.
- Polar Orbit: Passes over the poles, at nearly a 90° inclination.
Orbits can also be classified by their altitude:
- Low Earth Orbit (LEO): 160-2000 km above Earth; takes 90-120 minutes to circle the Earth.
- Medium Earth Orbit (MEO): 2000-35,786 km; takes 2-6 hours to complete an orbit.
- Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO): 35,786 km above Earth, completing one orbit in 24 hours.
Satellite Dishes and Components:
A satellite dish transmits signals to and from satellites. Key components include the LNB (Low-Noise Block downconverter), dish reflectors, and adjusters. The LNB converts wave signals into electrical signals for further processing.
Satellite Installation Process:
- Fix the dish holder.
- Assemble and mount the dish.
- Track the satellite position using a finder.
- Set up the satellite network, connecting the LNB to the receiver and TV.
- Use a DiSEqC switch if connecting multiple LNBs.
- Scan and save the channels.
DSTV:
- 11747 H 27500
- 11766 V 27500
- 11843 V 27500
Star-Time Dish:
NTA, AIT, TVC, Channel TV, Al Jazeera:
- 12518 H 29500
- 12659 V 22500
NTA Sport, NTA International, NTA Parliamentary:
Joy TV, MBC Action:
- 12283 V 27500
- 12525 V 30000
- 11094 V 30000
Arewa 24, Tauraruwa:
- 10804 H 30000
- 11754 V 28190
Saudi TV (using 70m or 90m dish):
- 12604 H 30000
- 11044 V 45000
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