ICT SWEP SUMMARY @Rugga Library



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ICT SWEP SUMMARY

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Satellite Overview:

A satellite is any object that revolves around a planet. There are two major types:

    1. Natural Satellites: Celestial bodies orbiting larger objects (e.g., the Moon orbits Earth).
  1. Artificial Satellites: Man-made satellites launched using rockets. These serve various purposes, such as:
      • Navigation Satellites: Determine the ground position of objects (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou).
      • Weather Satellites: Monitor weather and climate.
      • Communication Satellites: Transmit signals like TV, radio, and internet.

Satellite Communication System:

This consists of:

    • Uplink: Sending signals from the ground to the satellite.
    • Satellite Transponder: Amplifies and changes signal frequencies.
    • Downlink: Receives the satellite's signal on Earth.

Satellite Orbits:

Satellites move in different orbits, defined by their shapes and inclinations:

    • Equatorial Orbit: Moves directly above the equator.
    • Inclined Orbit: Moves at angles between 0° and 180°.
    • Polar Orbit: Passes over the poles, at nearly a 90° inclination.

Orbits can also be classified by their altitude:

    • Low Earth Orbit (LEO): 160-2000 km above Earth; takes 90-120 minutes to circle the Earth.
    • Medium Earth Orbit (MEO): 2000-35,786 km; takes 2-6 hours to complete an orbit.
    • Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO): 35,786 km above Earth, completing one orbit in 24 hours.

Satellite Dishes and Components:

A satellite dish transmits signals to and from satellites. Key components include the LNB (Low-Noise Block downconverter), dish reflectors, and adjusters. The LNB converts wave signals into electrical signals for further processing.

Satellite Installation Process:

    1. Fix the dish holder.
    2. Assemble and mount the dish.
    3. Track the satellite position using a finder.
    4. Set up the satellite network, connecting the LNB to the receiver and TV.
    5. Use a DiSEqC switch if connecting multiple LNBs.
    6. Scan and save the channels.

  1. DSTV:

      • 11747 H 27500
      • 11766 V 27500
      • 11843 V 27500
  2. Star-Time Dish:

      • 12015 V 29950
  3. NTA, AIT, TVC, Channel TV, Al Jazeera:

      • 12518 H 29500
      • 12659 V 22500
  4. NTA Sport, NTA International, NTA Parliamentary:

      • 11009 V 27500
  5. Joy TV, MBC Action:

      • 12283 V 27500
      • 12525 V 30000
      • 11094 V 30000
  6. Arewa 24, Tauraruwa:

      • 10804 H 30000
      • 11754 V 28190
  7. Saudi TV (using 70m or 90m dish):

      • 12604 H 30000
      • 11044 V 45000
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